748 research outputs found

    Persons who frequently visit the psychiatric emergency room. Who are they and what are their needs?

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    Persons who frequently visit psychiatric emergency rooms (PERs) account for a disproportionately high number of total visits to PERs. They have needs just as any other human beings do. Yet in addition, they also have specific daily function needs, service needs, and needs for professional healthcare.The overall aim of this thesis was to investigate who persons frequently visiting PERs in Sweden are and what needs they have. Both studies I and II were conducted in southern Sweden. Study I is a quantitative mapping study describing who persons who frequently visit PERs are, what characterizes them, and what characterizes their visits, while study II investigates their self-expressed and self-assessed needs using a mixed-methods design.For data collection, a large-scale registry was used in study I, while in study II an interviewer-administered manual was applied consisting of open-ended questions and validated instruments covering the person-in-care’s needs assessment, alcohol and drug use, exposure to violence, and social network. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics and non-parametric tests (I, II) and qualitative data were analysed using qualitative content analysis (II).The results indicate that persons who frequently visit PERs represented 8.1% of the total number of PER visitors but accounted for 38.3% of the total number of PER visits (I). They differed significantly from the rest of the PER visitors in terms of gender, diagnoses, hospital admissions, and temporal patterns of visits. Differences were also found in the distance between the PERs and the home municipalities of the visitors (I). In addition, they reported problems in many need areas in life, involving physical and psychiatric health problems as well as financial, emotional, and social problems (II). Results also indicate that they are often subject to violence and have limited social networks (II).The results may be used for planning, developing, and evaluating interventions targeting the needs of persons who frequently visit PERs, which is in line with a person-centred approach. Such an approach might eventually address their needs better, reduce their suffering, and consequently result in fewer PER visits

    Inclusive Growth – an Agenda for Germany Five action areas for a new growth strategy. Bertelsmann Stiftung Inclusive Growth for Germany|20

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    Germany is entering a new legislative period with a strong economic position. Across the board, current figures and forecasts for the near future are encouraging. But both the private sector and society are confronted with major challenges – globalization, digitalization and demographic shifts are transforming the demands made on our economy. Current economic policy in Germany must pave the way for tomorrow’s prosperity. This involves making a priority out of promoting growth that provides everyone an opportunity to participate in and thereby benefit from this growth. We need an Agenda for Inclusive Growth

    cAMP:From Long-Range Second Messenger to Nanodomain Signalling

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    How cAMP generates hormone-specific effects has been debated for many decades. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based sensors for cAMP allow real-time imaging of the second messenger in intact cells with high spatiotemporal resolution. This technology has made it possible to directly demonstrate that cAMP signals are compartmentalised. The details of such signal compartmentalisation are still being uncovered, and recent findings reveal a previously unsuspected submicroscopic heterogeneity of intracellular cAMP. A model is emerging where specificity depends on compartmentalisation and where the physiologically relevant signals are those that occur within confined nanodomains, rather than bulk changes in cytosolic cAMP. These findings subvert the classical notion of cAMP signalling and provide a new framework for the development of targeted therapeutic approaches

    General Anaesthesia for Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy in a Patient with the Kearns-Sayre Syndrome

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    We report a case of a 40-year-old man affected by the Kearns-Sayre syndrome who underwent an elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anaesthesia. We describe the management of general anaesthesia in this rare myopathy, with emphasis on the use of rocuronium as muscle blocking agent. Induction was achieved with propofol and fentanyl, and general anaesthesia was maintained with fentanyl and sevoflurane/N2O/O2 mixture. The anaesthetic plan proved to be safe and effective, and extubation was achieved in the operating theatre. The postoperative recovery of the patient was satisfactory and uneventful

    Funktionelle Charakterisierung des Trefoil Factor 1 im Pankreaskarzinom

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    Die Familie der Trefoil Faktoren umfasst drei kleine, proteasestabile Proteine. Sie sind maßgeblich an der Restitution des Gastrointestinaltraktes beteiligt und beeinflussen somit unter anderem Prozesse der Migration und Apoptose. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass ein Mitglied dieser Familie, der Trefoil Factor 1 (TFF1) im duktalen Adenokarzinom des Pankreas und dessen VorlĂ€uferlĂ€sionen ĂŒberexprimiert wird. In dieser Arbeit wird erstmals die funktionelle Bedeutung von TFF1 im Pankreaskarzinom untersucht. Hierzu wurde zunĂ€chst mit PaTu 8988s und PaTu 8988t ein Pankreaskarzinom-Zelllinienpaar identifiziert, dessen einer Partner eine hohe, der andere eine niedrige TFF1-Expression aufweist. In diesen Zelllinien wurde TFF1 entweder durch siRNA reprimiert oder mit Hilfe von Überexpressionskonstrukten ĂŒberexprimiert. Anschließend wurde das Verhalten der Zellen in AbhĂ€ngigkeit der TFF1-Expression in verschiedenen in vitro-Versuchen zu Proliferation, Apoptose, Migration und substratunabhĂ€ngigem Wachstum untersucht. Es zeigte sich, dass TFF1 eine promigratorische und antiproliferative Wirkung auf die Pankreaskarzinomzellen ausĂŒbt. Parallel wurden die gleichen Versuche an transient TFF1-ĂŒberexprimierenden HEK-293-Zellen durchgefĂŒhrt. Bei diesen nicht maligne transformierten Zellen aus der embryonalen Niere förderte TFF1 die Proliferation sowie das substratunabhĂ€ngige Wachstum. TFF1 scheint also das onkogene Potenzial von Pankreaskarzinomzellen zu unterstĂŒtzen und auch epithelialen Zellen onkogene Eigenschaften zu verleihen. Interessanterweise zeigten sich jedoch gegensĂ€tzliche Ergebnisse hinsichtlich der Proliferation in den unterschiedlichen Zelllinien. WeiterfĂŒhrende Untersuchungen mĂŒssen diese ZusammenhĂ€nge klĂ€ren und weitere Aspekte malignen Wachstums, wie z. B. den Einfluss auf InvasivitĂ€t, prĂŒfen

    Die arboreal quadrupede Fortbewegung der Primaten: das Grundmuster der Bewegungsprinzipien und die Konsequenzen fĂŒr die Evolution des Bewegungssystems der Primaten

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    Die Arbeit behandelt Struktur- und Funktionsmerkmale der quadrupeden Fortbewegung arborealer Primaten. Aus den Wechselbeziehungen von KörpergrĂ¶ĂŸe und Substrat werden die AnpassungsnotÂŹwendigkeiten des Bewegungssystems an diese, fĂŒr das Grundmuster der Primaten anzunehmende Fortbewegungsweise entwickelt. Ziel ist die Ablösung des bestehenden Typus der Angepasstheit durch ein auf einer Phylogenie-Hypothese basierendes Grundmuster von MerkmalszustĂ€nden. Ein umfassende vergleichende Studie ĂŒber die Körperproportionen und ihre VerĂ€nderungen inner-halb der Primaten und zwischen Primaten und anderen SĂ€ugetiergruppen rekonstruiert die Merk-malsausprĂ€gungen im Grundmuster der Primaten im Hinblick auf die LĂ€ngenverhĂ€ltnisse der Glied-maßen zueinander und im Hinblick auf die intramembralen Proportionen. Der funktionsanalytische Teil der Arbeit beschreibt Bewegungsprinzipien, die Funktionsmerkmale einer Fortbewegungsweise, bei fĂŒnf arboreal quadrupeden Primaten (Microcebus, Eulemur, NycticeÂŹbus, Saguinus und Saimiri). Das Grundmuster dieser, nicht in diskreten ZustĂ€nden vorliegenden Merkmale, wird mit der Zusatzannahme zu KörpergrĂ¶ĂŸe des letzten gemeinsamen Vorfahrens der Primaten rekonstruiert. Auf dieser Grundlage werden schließlich die im Grundmuster gegebenen Möglichkeiten der Anpassung und die Limitierungen der Anpassbarkeit fĂŒr nachfolgende EvolutionsÂŹschritte innerhalb der Primaten diskutiert

    Targeting FRET-Based Reporters for cAMP and PKA Activity Using AKAP79

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    Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based sensors for 3′⁻5′cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and protein kinase A (PKA) allow real-time imaging of cAMP levels and kinase activity in intact cells with high spatiotemporal resolution. The development of FRET-based sensors has made it possible to directly demonstrate that cAMP and PKA signals are compartmentalized. These sensors are currently widely used to dissect the organization and physiological function of local cAMP/PKA signaling events in a variety of cell systems. Fusion to targeting domains has been used to direct the sensors to a specific subcellular nanodomain and to monitor cAMP and PKA activity at specific subcellular sites. Here, we investigate the effects of using the A-kinase anchoring protein 79 (AKAP79) as a targeting domain for cAMP and PKA FRET-based reporters. As AKAP79 interacts with PKA itself, when used as a targeting domain, it can potentially impact on the amplitude and kinetics of the signals recorded locally. By using as the targeting domain wild type AKAP79 or a mutant that cannot interact with PKA, we establish that AKAP79 does not affect the amplitude and kinetics of cAMP changes or the level of PKA activity detected by the sensor
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